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In the United States, lithium batteries are gaining attention due to their high energy density, lightweight, and widespread use in consumer electronics, medical devices, and electric vehicles. As lithium battery technology advances, its applications in the market are becoming more widespread,and related safety, environmental protection, and transportation issues are becoming increasingly prominent.
To ensure consumer safety, protect the environment, and regulate the industry's development, the US government and related agencies have established numerous lithium battery standards and certification, covering design, safety testing, transportation, use, and lithium batteries recycling.
These lithium battery standards and certification are led by multiple organizations, including the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) of the United States, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) among others. These organizations work together to establish a series of rigorous safety standards to ensure the safety of lithium batteries during use and transportation.
Through these lithium battery standards and certification, American lithium battery products can meet multiple market access requirements while ensuring the safety of consumer use and sustainable development of the environment. This article will summarize the relevant lithium battery standards and certification in the United States.
Underwriters Laboratories Inc
The first lithium battery standards and certification was led by UL, which is the abbreviation of Underwriter Laboratories Inc. UL is the most authoritative safety testing and certification organization in the United States and the largest private organization in the world engaged in safety testing and appraisal.
It is an independent, profit-making, professional organization that conducts tests for public safety. It uses scientific testing methods to study and determine whether various materials, devices, products, equipment, buildings, etc. are harmful to life and property and the degree of harm, determine, compile, and issue corresponding standards and materials that help reduce and prevent the loss of life and property, and carry out fact-finding research business.
UL certification is a non-mandatory certification in the United States, mainly for the detection and certification of product safety performance, and its certification scope does not include the EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) characteristics of the product. In the UL standard system, the main categories involving lithium batteries are UL1642 and UL 4200A, UL2054 and UL2056.
UL1642
UL 1642 applies to lithium-containing primary and secondary batteries used in power supply products. This standard focuses on the following points in terms of avoiding the risk of fire or explosion: First, when the battery is used in other complete products. Second, when the lithium battery contained in the product can be replaced by the user and discarded by the user.
UL 4200A
Safety standard for products containing button battery or coin battery. UL 4200A is an important standard adopted by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to support the U.S. federal regulations "Reese Act" to clarify the safety requirements for products containing button batteries or coin batteries.
The scope of application of this standard is consumer products containing button batteries or coin batteries (including lithium-containing button batteries and lithium-containing coin batteries). The standard requires that the battery compartment of the product is safe and reliable, and is accompanied by appropriate label information.
UL2054
Safety standard for household and commercial batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, and nickel batteries.
UL2056
Safety survey outline for lithium-ion mobile power supplies, for mobile power supplies with lithium-ion batteries as energy sources and input and output voltages not exceeding 20Vdc.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The second lithium battery standards and certification was led by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). It is an international association of electronic technology and information science engineers. It is currently the world's largest non-profit professional technical society, with more than 160 countries.
IEEE is committed to the development and research of electrical, electronic, computer engineering and science-related fields. It has formulated more than 900 industry standards in the fields of space, computers, telecommunications, biomedicine, power and consumer electronics, and has now developed into an international academic organization with great influence.
In the IEEE standard system, the main categories involving lithium batteries are IEEE 1725, IEEE 1625, IEEE 1726 and IEEE 1727.
IEEE 1725: for large-capacity portable battery packs, especially lithium batteries for mobile phones and other consumer electronics.
IEEE 1625: safety standard for large-capacity battery packs such as laptops.
IEEE 1726: Standards for lithium battery charger, focusing on safety and efficiency during the charging process to ensure compatibility and reliability with lithium batteries.
IEEE 1727: Standards focusing on battery management systems (BMS), providing technical requirements for battery monitoring, charging and discharging control to ensure the performance and life of lithium batteries.
International Electrotechnical Commission
The third lithium battery standards and certification was led by IEC. It is the International Electrotechnical Commission, which has various standardization organizations under its jurisdiction. The main technical organizations related to lithium-ion batteries are IEC/TC21, IEC/SC21A, IEC/TC35, IEC/TC108, etc.
IEC/TC21 (Technical Committee for Storage Batteries and Battery Packs) is responsible for all secondary batteries, and the main responsibility for the revision of performance and safety standards for lithium-ion battery cells for electric road vehicles is related to lithium batteries.
IEC/SC21A (Technical Committee for Alkaline and Non-acid Storage Batteries) is responsible for the revision of all standards for all lithium-ion battery cells and battery packs except for electric road vehicles, including performance, specifications, and safety standards for lithium-ion battery cells and battery packs for portable devices, industrial equipment, field vehicles, and UPS.
IEC/TC35 (Technical Committee for Primary Batteries) is responsible for formulating standards for primary batteries, and is jointly responsible with IEC/SC21A for the safe transportation of lithium-ion batteries.
IEC/TC108 (Technical Committee for Electronic Product Safety) is responsible for formulating supplementary safety requirements related to the safety of lithium-ion batteries for electronic products, such as the flame retardant grade of battery pack shells, and the charging and discharging management of host equipment.
IEC/TC69 (Technical Committee for Electric Road Vehicles and Electric Trucks). In 1997, IEC/TC21 and TC69 established three joint working groups. JWG69Li, led by TC21, focuses on lithium batteries for automobiles.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has developed a series of international standards and certifications for lithium batteries to ensure the safety, performance and environmental friendliness of batteries. These standards are widely used to guide product development, manufacturing and testing. The following are some of the main Lithium battery standards and certification.
IEC 62133-2 (2017): Safety requirements specifically for lithium batteries, including lithium-ion batteries and lithium metal batteries. The standard specifies safety tests for batteries during operation, use, storage and handling, such as overcharge, short circuit, drop and temperature cycling.
IEC 61960-3: Focuses on the capacity, cycle life and discharge characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. It is mainly used to standardize the performance of lithium batteries for small portable devices.
IEC 62619: Safety standards for lithium-ion batteries focused on industrial applications, such as power tools, energy storage systems and commercial equipment. This standard covers battery thermal stability, overcharge protection and short circuit protection.
IEC 62620: Mainly for the performance requirements of lithium-ion batteries used in industrial applications, such as large battery packs such as electric vehicles, grid energy storage and backup power. Standard test items include battery capacity, charge and discharge cycles and storage life.
IEC 60896-21/22: Design and safety requirements for stationary batteries, including the use of lithium batteries in backup power and energy storage systems.
IEC 63056: Safety of household lithium battery energy storage systems. This standard covers requirements for overheat protection, short circuit protection, structural design and protection circuits.
Conclusion
In summary, the lithium battery standards and certification system in the US market has been carefully designed to establish a comprehensive regulatory framework for the production, use and circulation of lithium batteries from safety performance, transportation management to environmental protection.
Various lithium battery standards and certifications are formulated by multiple authoritative organizations, such as UL, IEEE and IEC, which not only regulate the design, testing and labeling of battery products, but also improve the reliability of lithium battery products and user safety. These regulations also help companies better deal with potential safety and environmental challenges during transportation, disposal and recycling.
Strict US lithium battery standards and certifications not only ensure the quality threshold for market access, but also provide consumers with safe and reliable product choices. In addition, these standards, by aligning with international standards, help promote the recognition and circulation of US lithium battery products in the global market.
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